Should independent democratic state be capitalized

President Obama is the leader of the Democratic Party. Conservatism is a political philosophy. The Senate and the House of Representatives are elected bodies.

Republicans have higher turnout than Democrats. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. The Battle of the Bulge was a bloody fight. Sarah Palin is the head of the Tea Party. African Americans and Latinos were more likely to vote for Barack Obama.

The Great Depression and the Constitutional Convention were important events. President Obama conducts most of his business in the White House. The Statue of Liberty is located on Liberty Island. The World Trade Organization is an organization that focuses on liberalizing international trade. Within a few weeks, Writing Tips will no longer be available. Adjectives and nouns referring to the ideas, actions, documents and members of specific political parties, movements and groups are capitalized.

Capitalization often helps distinguish these terms from the same words used descriptively:. Capitalize the word party when it is preceded by the official name of a political party, unless it is used as a generic term:. B: MacBride, Roger Lea. The American Electoral College. Calwell, ID: Caxton Printers, N: David R. B: Mayhew, David R. N: Paul D. Schumaker and Burdett A. Loomis, eds. B: Schumaker, Paul D.

New York: Chatham House, Books, Reference. No entry or article titles makes subsequent citations difficult to lineup otherwise N: Congressional Quarterly Almanac , vol. N subsequent : Congressional Quarterly Almanac , — B: Congressional Quarterly Almanac , vol. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, N subsequent : Congress and the Nation — , —23, 54a—55a.

B: Congress and the Nation — N: Duane Nystrom, ed. Government Printing Office, B: Nystrom, Duane ed. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress — Washington, DC: U. Government Printing Office, — B: Library of Congress. Digest of Public General Bills and Resolutions. Government Printing Office, — Chapter in Multiauthor Edited Book. In notes, comma between editor name and 3d ed. In bibliography, period between editor name and 2d ed. No need for page range numbers of a book chapter in notes or bibliography For Notes, do not put in chapter page range.

N: Gary E. Gary Bugh. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishers, N different chapter in same previously cited book : Burdett A. Amending the U. B: Bugh, Gary E. Gary Bugh, 77— B: Gallagher, Michael, and Paul Mitchell. Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell, 1— New York: Oxford University, Sharpe, B: Ginsberg, Benjamin. Thomas Ferguson and Joel Rogers, — Armonk, NY: M.

Congressional Committee Hearings and Reports. B: Senate. Committee of the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments. Election of President and Vice President. N subsequent : Senate, Electing the President , Electing the President. Committee of the Judiciary. Congressional Records. Congressional Record Reference permanent edition if possible Use comma before page. For specific page or page range:. N: Congressional Record , 78th Cong.

B: Congressional Record. N: Annals of Congress , 13th Cong. B: Annals of Congress , 13th Cong. For range of years:. N: Annals of Congress , 1st Cong. B: Annals of Congress. Washington, DC, — N: Register of Debates , 18th Cong. B: Register of Debates. N: Congressional Globe , 23d Cong. B: Congressional Globe. N: Congressional Record , 43d Cong.

Federalist Papers. George W. The Federalist. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, Clinton Rossiter New York: Mentor, , B: Rossiter, Clinton, ed. New York: Mentor, Notes with text:. N: Madison made this argument most famously in Federalist Paper , No. See The Federalist , ed. N: The framers mentioned a few interesting points in this regard. In Federalist Paper , No. Journal Articles. Journal articles, versus magazine articles, are available mainly by subscription and cited by volume and date Include the volume number month or season, and year Use issue number or month or both Must have: year in parentheses For notes, include specific page of references information if necessary, otherwise, provide complete page range of the article; for bibliographic references, provide entire page range.

No author: begin with title Subsequent references, same chapter: Last name, shortened title, page N: James C. Garand and T. B: Garand, James C. Wayne Parent. Presidential Elections, — N: Scott C. B: James, Scott C. N: Kenneth E. B: Sharpe, Kenneth E. Lowercase generic terms: a VW van. Capitol and the Capitol when referring to the building in Washington, D. Congress and Congress referring to the U. Senate and House of Representatives. Lowercase "congressional" unless it is part of a proper name.

Constitution : Capitalize references to the U. Constitution, with or without the "U. Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights, First Amendment, and other legislation and treaties are capitalized.